PROBLEM ON RATIO -
Example.1) Find the ratio between
(i) 45 minutes and 1 hour 12 minutes
Ans.) Changing the given quantities in same units, we have
(i) 1 hour 12 minutes = (60 min + 12 min) = 72 minutes
And, 45 minutes
Required ratio = 45 : 72 = 5 : 8 (Ans.)
(ii) 10 months and 1 year 3 months.
Ans.) 1 year 3 months = (12 months + 3 months) = 15 months
And, 10 months
Required ratio = 10 : 15 = 2 : 3 (Ans.)
Example.2) If A : B = 4 : 9 and B : C = 6 : 5, find A : C
Ans.) we have, A : B = 4 : 9, and B : C = 6 : 5
A 4 B 6
So, ----- = ------, and ------ = ------
B 9 C 5
As per the logic –
A A B 4 6
------ = ------ X ------- = ------ X ------
C B C 9 5
8
= -------
15
=> A : C = 8 : 15 (Ans.)
Example.3) If A : B = 4 : 9, and B : C = 6 : 5, find A : B : C
Ans.) We have, A : B = 4 : 9, and B : C = 6 : 5
If we notice we find that, in both the given ratio there are two values for B, one is 9 and another is 6. Now we have to find Lowest Common Multiplication (LCM) of both the number 9 & 6 via division method, and we find –
So, the product of common factor is = 3 X 3 X 2 = 18. So, the LCM of 9 & 6 is 18.
Now, we will find the factor of 18 by 9, i.e. 18 ÷ 9 = 2, so 9 X 2 = 18
And, we will find the factor of 18 by 6, i.e. 18 ÷ 6 = 3, so 6 X 3 = 18
Where, A : B = 4 : 9,
4
L.H.S = -------
9
Multiply numerator & denominator of said fraction by 2, and we get
4 X 2 8
= --------- = ------
9 X 2 18
Also we have, B : C = 6 : 5,
6
R.H.S = ------
5
Multiply numerator & denominator of said fraction by 3, and we get
6 X 3 18
= -------- = -------
5 X 3 15
As per the rules, L.H.S = R.H.S
A B
------ = ------
B C
Or, A : B : C
8 18
------ = -------
18 15
Hence, A : B : C = 8 : 18 : 15 (Ans.)
Example.4) If, 2 A = 3 B = 4 C, find A : B : C
Ans.) Let, 2 A = 3 B = 4 C = k (say)
k k k
Then, A = ------, B = ------, C = ------
2 3 4
k k k
So, A : B : C = ------ : ------ : ------
2 3 4
1 1 1
= ----- : ----- : -----
2 3 4
1 1 1
= (------ X 12) : (------ X 12) : (------ X 12)
2 3 4
[Where, L.C.M of 2, 3, 4 is 12]
= 6 : 4 : 3 (Ans.)
A B C
Example.5) If ------ : ------ : ------ Then find A : B : C
4 5 6
A B C
Let, ------ : ------ : ------ = k.
4 5 6
So, A = 4 k, B = 5 k, C = 6 k
Then, A : B : C = 4 k : 5 k : 6 k
Hence, A : B : C = 4 : 5 : 6 (Ans.)
Example.6) If, 2 A = 3 B, and 4 B = 5 C, then find -
(i) A : C, and (ii) A : B : C
Ans.) we have, 2 A = 3 B
A 3
=> ----- = ------
B 2
=> 4 B = 5 C
B 5
=> ------ = -------
C 4
A A B
(i) ------- = ------- X -------
C B C
3 5 15
= ------ X ------- = -------
2 4 8
=> A : C = 15 : 8 (Ans.)
A 3 B 5
(ii) we have ------- = -------, ------- = -------
B 2 C 4
As we can notice that, there are two different values of B obtained from two different fraction. L.C.M of 2 & 5 is 10.
Now, we will find the factor of 10 by 2, i.e. 10 ÷ 2 = 5, so 2 X 5 = 10
And, we will find the factor of 10 by 5, i.e. 10 ÷ 5 = 2, so 5 X 2 = 10
Where, A : B = 3 : 2,
3
L.H.S = ------
2
Multiply numerator & denominator of said fraction by 2, and we get
3 X 5 15
= --------- = ------
2 X 5 10
Also we have, B : C = 5 : 4,
5
R.H.S = ------
4
Multiply numerator & denominator of said fraction by 3, and we get
5 X 2 10
= --------- = ------
4 X 2 8
As per the rules, L.H.S = R.H.S
A B
------- = --------
B C
Or, A : B : C
15 10
------- = -------
10 8
Hence, A : B : C = 15 : 10 : 8 (Ans.)
Example.7) If (4a + 3b) : (6a + 5b) = 11 : 17, find a : b
Ans.) Given, (4a + 3b) : (6a + 5b) = 11 : 17
(4a + 3b) 11
=> ----------- = --------
(6a + 5b) 17
=> 17 (4a + 3b) = 11 (6a + 5b)
=> 68a + 51b = 66a + 55b
=> 68a – 66a = 55b – 51b
=> 2a = 4b
=> a = 2b
a 2
=> ------ = ------
b 1
=> a : b = 2 : 1 (Ans.)
Example.8) If (4x²+ xy) : (3xy - y²) = 12 : 5, find x : y
Ans.) Given, (4x²+ xy) : (3xy - y²) = 12 : 5
(4x²+ xy) 12
=> ----------- = -------
(3xy - y²) 5
x² xy
4 (------) + (------) 12
y² y²
=> ------------------------- = ---------
xy y²
3 (-----) - ----- 5
y² y²
[On dividing numerator & denominator by y²]
x x
4 (------)² + (------) 12
y y
=> --------------------------- = ---------
x
3 (------) - 1 5
y
x
Let, ------ = a , and we get -
y
4a² + a 12
=> ----------- = --------
3a – 1 5
=> 5 (4a²+ a) = 12 (3a – 1)
=> 20a²+ 5a = 36a – 12
=> 20a²+ 5a - 36a + 12 = 0
=> 20a²- 31a + 12 = 0
=> 20a²- (15 + 16) a + 12 = 0
=> 20a²- 15a – 16a + 12 = 0
=> 5a (4a – 3) – 4 (4a – 3) = 0
=> (4a – 3) (5a – 4) = 0
=> (4a – 3) = 0 or (5a – 4) = 0
=> a = 3/4 or a = 4/5
x
Now we will substitute the value of a = ------- , and we get -
Y
x 3 x 4
=> ------ = ------, or ------- = ------
y 4 y 5
=> x : y = 3 : 4 or x : y = 4 : 5 (Ans.)
Example.9) A ratio is equal to 5 : 7. If its antecedent is 35, what is the consequent ?
Ans.) Let the consequent be ‘x’. then –
Antecedent : Consequent
=> 5 : 7 = 35 : x
5 35
=> ------ = ------
7 x
=> 5x = (35 X 7)
=> x = 49
Hence the consequent is 49 (Ans.)
Example.10) The ratio between two numbers is 5 : 6 and their LCM is 150. Find the numbers.
Ans.) Let the required numbers be 5x & 6x
Then, LCM of 5x and 6x is 30x
Now, 30x = 150
=> x = 150/30 = 5
So, one number = (5 X 5) = 25, other number = (6 X 5) = 30
Hence the required numbers are 25 & 30 (Ans.)
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