MEDIAN-QUARTILES-MODE- PROBLEM & SOLUTION -
Example.1) The median of the following observation
11, 12, 14, (x – 2), (x + 4), (x + 9), 32, 38, 47
Arranged in ascending order is 24.
Find the value of x and hence, find the mean.
Ans.) Here, n = 9, which is odd
9 + 1
So, Median = Value of (--------)th observation
2
= Value of 5th observation = (x + 4)
But, as per given condition, median = 24 (given)
so, (x + 4) = 24
=> x = 24 – 4
=> x = 20
So, the given observations are –
11, 12, 14, (x – 2), (x + 4), (x + 9), 32, 38, 47
=> 11, 12, 14, (20 – 2), (20 + 4), (20 + 9), 32, 38, 47
=> 11, 12, 14, 18, 24, 29, 32, 38, 47
1
So, mean = ------- (11 + 12 + 14 + 18 + 24 + 29 + 32 + 38 + 47)
9
225
= -------- = 25
9
Hence, x = 20, and mean = 25 (Ans.)
Example.2) The hearts of 60 patients were examined through X-ray and the observations obtained are given below –
Find the median diameter in mm.
Ans.) Arranging the given terms in an ascending order and preparing the cumulative frequency table, we have –
So, n = 60,
n
=> ------ = 30
2
n
And, ------- + 1 = 30 + 1 = 31
2
Clearly n is even number
1 n n
So, median = ------ { (-----)th observation + (------ + 1)th
2 2 2
observation}
1
= ----- (30th observation + 31st observation)
2
But, from the above table, we find that each patient from 16th to 31st has an heart of diameter 122 mm
1
So, Median Diameter = ------ (22 + 22) mm
2
1
= ------- X 44 mm = 22 mm (Ans.)
2
Example.3) The height (in cm) of 50 students of a class are given below –
Find – (i) Median (ii) First Quartile
(ii) Third Quartile (iv) Interquartile Range
Ans.) Arranging the given heights in an ascending order, we may prepare the cumulative frequency table as shown below –
Where, n = 50, which is even.
1 n n
(i) Median = ----- {(-----)th observation + (----- + 1)th observation}
2 2 2
1 50 50
= ----- {(------)th observation + (------ + 1)th observation}
2 2 2
1
= ------ {25th observation + 26th observation}
2
(154 + 155) 309
= ------------- = -------- = 154.5 (Ans.)
2 2
n
(ii) First quartile, Q₁ = (------)th observation
4
50
= (------)th observation = 12.5th observation
4
= 13th observation
But, each student from 10th 21st has a height of 153cm.
Hence, Q₁ = 153 (Ans.)
3n
(iii) Third quartile, Q₃ = (------)th observation
4
3 X 50
= (---------)th observation
4
= 37.5th observation = 38th observation
But, each student from 36th to 43rd has a height of 156 cm
Hence, Q₃ = 156 (Ans.)
(iv) Interquartile Range = (Q₃ - Q₁) = (156 – 153) cm = 3 cm (Ans.)
Example.4) The distribution given below shows the marks obtained by 25 students in aptitude test. Find the mean, median, and mode of the distribution –
Ans.) We may prepare the cumulative frequency as under-
Marks Obtained(a) Number of Students(f) Cumulative Frequency f X a
5 3 3 1
6 9 12 54
7 6 18 42
8 4 22 32
9 2 24 18
10 1 25 10
∑f = 25 (n) ∑fa= 171
∑fa 171
Mean = -------- = -------- = 6084
∑f 25
Here, n = 25, which is odd
25 + 1
Median = value of (---------)th term = value of 13th term = 7
2
Since, the frequency of 6 is maximum, so mode = 6
Hence Mean = 6.84, Median = 7, and Mode = 6 (Ans.)
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