SUBTRACTION - HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL -
Properties Of Subtraction -
1. When we subtract “0” from the number, the difference is the number itself.
Example :-
9,04,238 – 0 = 9,04,238 If we subtract “0” the difference is the
57,16,349 - 0 = 57,16,349 number itself .
2. When we subtract a number from itself the difference is “0”.
Example :-
7,37,150 - 7,37,150 = 0
21,09,909 - 21,09,909 = 0
3. We cannot change the order of number in subtraction. If we change the order the answer we get will be different.
We always subtract a smaller number from a greater number.
Minuend:- The number from which we subtract the other number called Minuend.
Subtrahend:- The number which is subtracted is called subtrahend
Difference:- The result obtained is called the difference.
Example:
417818 ----Minuend
- 228583 -----Subtrahend
--------------
1,89,235 ---Difference
Step 1:- Arrange the numbers in columns. Ones under ones,tens under tens and so on.
Step 2:- Subtract as per normal process.
Horizontal subtraction involves writing the numbers being subtracted from left to right and subtracting each corresponding digit vertically. Here's an example of horizontal subtraction:
3 4 5
- 1 2 3
-------------
2 2 2
To perform vertical subtraction, you write the numbers being subtracted one on top of the other, aligning the digits according to their place value. Then, you subtract each corresponding digit vertically. Here's an example of vertical subtraction:
H T O
3 4 5
- 1 2 3
-------------
2 2 2
In the above example, you start by subtracting the ones place O => (5-3=2), then the tens place T => (4-2=2), and finally the hundreds place H => (3-1=2). The result is 222.
Note that for vertical subtraction, you may need to "borrow" from a higher place value digit if the digit being subtracted is larger than the digit it's being subtracted from.